Tennessee has a PFAS problem.
Learn about Tennessee's PFAS problem: PFAS Fact Sheet
PFAS ends up contaminating our land and water.
Learn how PFAS gets from consumer and industrial sources to the wastewater treatment plant and finally contaminates our land and water through the application of sludges and effluent discharges.
The PFAS Journey explained
Land application of toxic sludge is making Tennessee waters toxic.
The Tennessee Chapter of the Sierra Club tested soil and water samples polluted with toxic PFAS as a result of the land application of contaminated wastewater treatment plant sludge. Samples were collected from a field where sludge was applied historically, a field adjacent to a field where sludge is currently being applied, a well in the midst of fields where sludge is applied. The results show that the PFAS concentrations in the groundwater exceed the EPA drinking water standard for PFOA making the water undrinkable without expensive treatment. PFAS concentrations in the field where sludge was applied are significant. Total organic fluorine analysis indicates that untargeted PFAS are potentially hundreds or thousands of times higher than the detected concentrations. As found for the adjacent field and the groundwater, PFAS does not just stay where it is applied, but leaches and washes, contaminating lands and waters of those that never agreed to the application on their lands.
View Full Report: NETN PFAS Soil Report July 2024
Toxic PFAS in sludge from wastewater treatment plant pollute Tennessee land and water.
Sierra Club Tennessee tested a sample of processed sewage sludge from the Bristol wastewater treatment plant, and found extremely high concentrations of toxic PFAS chemicals. This test suggests that the land application of sewage waste could be a major source of land and water contamination in the region. Tennessee must urgently investigate and control PFAS pollution or it will pay a steep price in future contamination of food and water, and harmful exposures for state residents.
View full report: Tennessee Sludge Report 2024
Class B biosolids are applied to land in Tennessee.
In Tennessee, Class B sewage sludge is commonly spread on open spaces and farmland throughout the state. PFAS washes off the fields or can be taken up in the plants, slowly spreading contamination into nearby rivers and the food supply. It may also contaminate drinking water wells. Follow this link to an Interactive Map of Active Sludge Application Sites. The map captures only a portion of the biosolids applied to the land since class A biosolids and biosolids imported into Tennessee are not tracked.
Toxic PFAS chemicals contaminate lakes and rivers of Northeastern Tennessee.
America’s rivers are a vital source of life for people and natural places. They provide drinking water, irrigation for food crops and habitat for fish and other aquatic creatures. But our rivers are also used to dump wastes, including treated sewage waste, industrial discharge and storm runoff. These practices spread nutrients and manmade chemicals into rivers and lakes. This increasingly threatens drinking water and the environment.
The problem is sadly apparent with the Sierra Club Tennessee’s recent study that detected toxic per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, known as PFAS, in rivers and lakes of Northeastern Tennessee. PFAS chemicals are a growing concern for people and the environment. The chemicals cause cancer, liver damage, and a host of other health damages.
Members of Sierra Club Tennessee collected 20 water samples from lakes and rivers, and two samples from drinking water in the northeastern corner of the state. We found PFAS contamination in 60 percent of the surface water samples we collected around Kingsport and Johnson City, with higher levels measured downriver from known industrial sites, including the Holston Army Ammunition Plant.
View full reports:
NETN PFAS Testing Public Summary Report - December 2023
NETN PFAS Surface Water Sampling Report - December 2023
Testing reveals high levels of PFAS in Tennessee fertilizer.
Music City Gold is a home fertilizer made with Nashville sewage waste
Nashville, TN – A new report released today by Sierra Club and Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility found troubling concentrations of toxic per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances or “PFAS” in a home fertilizer sold to Nashville residents. Music City Gold is marketed as an “all natural” and “organically rich” fertilizer. But advocates say the product should not be sold to home gardeners due to the discovery that these products also contain high concentrations of PFAS and other persistent chemicals.
While the federal government and state of Tennessee are scrambling to identify and control industries responsible for PFAS pollution, practices like the reuse of sewage waste or “biosolids” effectively recycle pollution from homes and industries back into food crops on farms and home gardens. The samples of Music City Gold had similar concentrations to a broader study of home fertilizers conducted by Sierra Club and the Ecology Center in 2021. All three samples analyzed had concentrations of one key chemical, PFOS, that exceed a screening level set by the state of Maine for sludge use. Maine has halted all sales and land application of sewage waste as a way to contain the PFAS pollution crisis.